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Driven to Distraction by the Driverless Car

09 Friday Sep 2016

Posted by Burning Manager in Uncategorized

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Apple TV, autonobabble, BATNA, Blu Ray, CAPEX, Casio, Concorde, Digital watch, Dr Hugh Bradlow, driverless car, driverless cars, Maryanne Wolf, Max Bazerman, Moore's Law, Netflix;, OPEX, psycho motor skills, Richard Denniss, Telstra, Texas Instruments, The Australia Institute, Tufts University, Video Ezy

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I went to a politics in the pub session with Richard Denniss last night. He’s the Chief Economist with The Australia Institute. He has coined a phrase called ‘econobabble’ to explain how the use of economic terminology and jargon by non-economists is designed to stifle the debate and belittle the audience. I am going to coin my own phrase ‘Autonobabble’. I define this as the use of putative assertion and poorly conceived rhetoric to predict the bleak future of the world through the relentless advance of automation.

The recent hype behind the driverless car has me perplexed. Recently Dr Hugh Bradlow, Chief Scientist for Telstra, was on the radio making the prediction that by 2030 the road will be almost entirely occupied by driverless vehicles. Ironic I thought in the very same month that Telstra’s system crashed due to IT failures requiring a pretty significant mea culpa and compensation payment to customers. I also thought what greater insight into driverless cars does a telecoms company have over the usual Joe or Joeanne in the street? When we hear future predictions with no counter-balance I begin to smell vested interest. Let’s look at driverless cars then in greater detail.

There are a number of rationales being used by the short-term futurists predicting the rapid uptake of driverless vehicles. These include:

  • Moore’s Law. If we think of the driverless vehicle less as a car and more as a computer the computational advancements will be rapid over the next ten years. Can’t argue with that;
  • Insurers will drive this change as we will be so much safer in driverless vehicles given human error is the largest contributor to motor vehicle accidents by a long chalk. True;
  • People don’t want to have such big CAPEX sitting idle for the largest portion of its life at home or at work. Kinda but does everyone have that old CAPEX v OPEX conundrum whistling around in their head all the time? and
  • Everything’s going digital right? Keep reading….

I’m not so convinced that driverless cars are going to catch on at the speed that is being predicted or if they do that it will necessarily be a good thing. The trajectory for driverless vehicles and the predicted uptake is based on a number of myths which need to be called out.

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Myth One. Everything is going digital. I recall many years ago going to a training session where the trainer got us all to work on a Harvard Business School Case Study on the demise or near demise of the Swiss watch industry. It was being disrupted by the digital watch with the advent of the quartz mechanism which was actually invented by the Swiss watch people and given away to Casio  and Texas Instruments because they couldn’t see any use for it. As they say the rest is history. Sounds like Kodak – yes? Well no actually. A watch is way more than a means by which to tell the time. It is jewellery on your wrist – an emotional purchase and guess what happened? Swiss watches fought back and now you are hard pressed to find a digital watch. New generation Apple and Samsung watches are really just backlit analogue timepieces.

This drive to digital isn’t always a good thing. Maryanne Wolf of Tufts University believes that there are intrinsic dangers in giving ipads to children. This belief that we are creating digital natives is just that – a myth. What it is in fact doing is stunting children’s memory, ability to read, concentration and overall cognition. And we are led to believe it’s a good thing because a one year old can swipe an ipdad screen. Wolf believes ipads should be banned outright for children. But we’re not talking about kids we are talking about adults in cars right?

Think again. Psycho-motor skills are important. Driving remains one of the last great psycho-motor challenges left to humans. Remember learning to drive a manual vehicle and doing all those things simultaneously? We had to master a multi-faceted task. With the other psycho-motor skills dulled over the years e.g. we no longer need such dexterity to hunt, cook, or build, we need to retain some tasks that engage us fully. Driving involves many of the senses at once and cognitively engages us from situational awareness, memory, hand-eye co-ordination, thinking ahead, planning, judgement, risk assessment, emotion control etc. There is also the issue of ophthalmic health. Driving a car requires us to exercise eye muscles and look into the distance then quickly change our focal point. It’s highly likely the driverless car experience will involve looking at a screen loaded with some form of entertainment or news once again adding to the visual stimuli at a focal range that human’s were not evolved for. Did you know that our mental wellbeing partly requires us to look to the horizon from time to time to build comfort? Did you know that optometrists are finding ocular health in rapid decline in children equivalent to the decline seen in previous generations of elderly people? Driving a car keeps cognitive and ocular health in good shape. Very little in the way of cognition or psycho-motor skills will be enagegd when Elon Musk’s car pulls up at your door for your commute to work.

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Myth Two – the technology is ready. My Video Ezy closed about a year ago. Shame really as I supported it to the end. Sure Apple TV gave me online access to rentable movies plus I could get rubbish movies for free on Netflix. I stuck with my local Video Ezy partly out of loyalty but also because of the social interaction I had with the owner. I got to know her really well over the years and knowing of my penchant for foreign movies she used to stock world cinema almost just for me with little prospect of making much a return from those titles. That builds loyalty. Try getting foreign movies on Apple TV. I haven’t watched a decent foreign film in ages. Even if I did want to watch the trash that Apple TV offers I have to wait anything from 1-5 hours for the movie to download at a cost of about double the face to face hire cost. The technology just can’t match a good Blu Ray pick up from a local video store. Just like internet 1.0 the hype of its possibility outstripped its ability to deliver.

Myth Three – It’s Cheaper. No-one wants to have their CAPEX sitting idle for most of its useful life do they? Better to have it working for you – that’s the basis of collaborative consumption. Let’s think this through. What will be the cost of the OPEX to get the driverless vehicle to your place every day so you can have the equivalent access as having a car at your fingertips (your own)? No-one really knows. Think about this for a moment. Governments need to tax us to pay for the roads hospitals, schools etc. Governments need to repay national debt currently at levels that would make your eyes water. Governments don’t want to raise your personal taxes because it gets them voted out. Politics 101 when in government says always put someone between you and the shit. Imagine the sucker punch of being able to raise costs/taxes/levies that have to be absorbed by a middle entity who then passes them on to the consumer (the person who orders the driverless car). No direct attribution back to the government…sweet!

The calculation that people will have to make is will they pay more ultimately. The CAPEX route to car availability at least gives the consumer certainty over the largest component of the expenditure. To lose an alternative (i.e. to have no BATNA as Bazerman might describe it) is to place you in a very weak position in any negotiation around service. Try ordering a driverless vehicle at peak hour – you might find the cost out of your comfort zone. We see electricity costs rising every year when one is promised that competition will do the opposite. Driverless cars might find us beholden to service providers in ways we would prefer not to be.

turntable

Myth Four – Everyone Will Want To Use One. The largest sales in music today are albums. Why? Because the digitisation and compression of music has taken the soul out of it. It just sounds better in analogue. Dust off your old albums put them on a turntable and turn up the sound. You know I’m right. But does this example hold true for motor vehicles? Well yes and no. Would I prefer to drive myself or be in a driverless car to and from work each day? The latter if myth three is within reasonable bounds. But in the weekend the thought of using my iphone to request a driverless vehicle to take a nice drive up the Coast leaves me cold. There is a romance to driving that will never be delivered without someone in the driver’s seat actually driving. If we go driverless then all motorsport will go by the wayside shortly after. Motorsport is popular because it is the ultimate fantasy of driving at the very extreme of person and machine. If the psychomotor experience of cars is taken away then we won’t be able to contextualise the racing driver experience. Out go the weekend car and bike warriors and anyone who has a classic or vintage car will find their hobby quickly curtailed. Out go the petrol heads in come the propeller heads. For many there is an emotional component to driving (like a watch in many ways). Just because an idea seems like a good one to the marketing department doesn’t mean it is so.

Look how far we have come. Watson is now doing cognition computing, social media is revolutionising communication, there is the internet of things, automation and robotics are already changing our workplaces, wi fi is ubiquitous, cloud computing allows big data to know everything about us, mobile phone ownership internationally is of staggering proportions even in countries once considered ravaged by chronic long-term poverty. Strong arguments indeed upon which to base a 2030 driverless vehicle prediction. Pause though and reflect. We landed a man on the moon in 1969, and have barely left the earth’s orbit since. We had the first supersonic aircraft (Concorde) in 1976 retiring in 2003. We haven’t done supersonic flight since. Driverless cars are coming but not as fast as we are being led to believe. So pause next time you are cut off on the road and think is it worth giving the finger to a driverless vehicle? Not much satisfaction in that. So all this talk about the demise of the driver operated vehicle…not so much hot air as autonobabble!

Aristotle and the Philosopher’s Zone

12 Friday Aug 2016

Posted by Burning Manager in Uncategorized

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Alec Ross, Aristotle, Asimo, Automation, Boolean, code, coders, cognition computing, CSIRO, dengue, Der Speigel, driverless cars, ethcis, ethicist, Forbes Magazine, Google Glass, Harvard Business Review, Japan, malaria, New Philosophy, philosopher, philosophy, psycho-social, robots, Scott Morrison, STEM, The Industries of the Future, zika virus

aristotle-17

I was at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) the other day observing their driverless vehicle compound. I remarked to one of the scientists about how difficult it is to choose a career than is future proof against the inexorable rise of automation. The conventional wisdom is that we should be encouraging students to do STEM subjects. Readers of my previous blogs will know I don’t entirely subscribe to this convention. In fact I’m thinking that the real future might well lie in concentrating on the humanities.

I posited to the scientist that they might need to employ an ethicist and a philosopher in the near future. He looked bemused. While I was being playful there was a serious side to what I was promoting. Follow my reasoning. Driverless cars require technology and software to make them work effectively and safely. It’s this last hurdle that must be cleared if allowing or using driverless cars gets given the green light. It’s about social license. Until the public as a whole are comfortable, technology can’t get mainstreamed. Google Glass being a good example. Career advisers would jump in here and point to my apparent contradiction. Surely driverless cars mean the key job skills of the future are in STEM subjects which can provide the workforce with the skill sets of coding, robotics, engineering etc.

Driverless-cars

The more the dispassionate application of science (‘because we can’) approach becomes our societal norm, the more we need philosophy and ethics to provide a counter balance. Let’s take driverless cars as an example. I put it to the CSIRO scientist that the decision a machine will need to make on some occasions in the driverless environment will be between harm and less harm. Imagine a scenario where there are only two ‘escape routes’ in an accident event. The vehicle may be confronted with say one avenue which is hitting a bus load of old people out on a day trip in one direction, or a bus load of school children in the other direction. Presented with these two options the car needs to make the decision based on mega fast computation which will itself be based on a set of codified rules. It’s cognition computing at its finest. Once again we are back to the coders. But just how will they make those decisions? Where this gets tricky is where the above scenario gets nuanced. Let’s say the bus with the ‘oldies’ is in fact a group of past-retirement age, but still working (Scott Morrison would be pleased) Nobel scientists working on a cure for childhood cancer and the school bus has a group of terminally ill children whose cancer could be otherwise cured by the other bus’s occupants. Much more complex. Would you want your freshly graduated coder writing the code on this one?

Only an ethicist/philosopher has the wherewithal to really give us the right steer here (pardon the pun). When coding up some of these decisions, deliberate and sometimes Boolean choices will need to be made explicit. There will exist somewhere in the Cloud, a set of rules that can be viewed. A sort of ‘value of life block-chain’ for want of a better description will be created. Surely the public has the right to input to these decisions. This might seem far-fetched but it’s coming as are driverless vehicles.

asimo-e13984585429211

That had me reflecting. Where else might a philosophy graduate add value in the workplace? I’ve been reading Alec Ross’s new book The Industries of the Future. He looks not entirely optimistically at the impacts of digitization on the future and what jobs might be gained and lost in the process, as well as what countries might gain and lose in the transition that is already underway in the digital revolution. He talks about demographics and the rise of robotics in particular in Japan. Culturally Japanese society, unlike the West, has looked after their elderly within the family unit. With a declining young population this is no longer an option for many. Not surprisingly the tech-smart Japanese industries have come up with a solution. Robots. The Japanese are pretty advanced and I think most are familiar with Honda’s Asimo which seems quite lifelike even though clearly a robot. Asimos are now capable of looking after the physical care needs of elderly Japanese patients. Increasingly, through machine learning and cognition computing, they are advancing to becoming able to deal with the psycho-social needs of the patients as well. All a good thing right?

STOPANDTHINK (1)

Not necessarily so. The imparting of wisdom accumulated from years of success and failures is a feature of all societies especially in Japan. What we now confront with Asimo is a break in a key anthropological aspect of society where the young learn from the old. There is a clear philosophical component to be considered here before we rush headlong into a robotic solution. The presence or not of some automation should not be limited only by the fact that the ‘technology isn’t there yet’.

One of the reasons robots haven’t featured at the top end of society yet is the time it takes for an individual robot to learn. With cloud computing robots are learning from the collective experience of just not themselves but all the other experiences of the other inter-connected robots. This clearly has an ethical/philosophical component as well. If ultimately the children of busy working parents are going to be raised by robots, do we really want the wisdom passed to our next generation to be a synthesized fusion of collective experience? Presumably robots learning at a global level and at digital speed are going to make fewer and fewer mistakes. Some of the best lessons I’ve learned have been what not to repeat from earlier mistakes I have made. To not have access to this wisdom, borne of the school of hard knocks, may have profound impacts on future generations and we may well not realise this until too late.

But all this is over the horizon. We might assume we have time to get it right. Well I don’t think so. A skills shortage of philosophy graduates right now would suggest we need to be encouraging bright young students in our schools to take up a contemplative life where thinking for the sake of thinking is the main component of the position description. We need such minds now. There are moral and ethical issues with stem cell research which are obvious. Others that readily spring to mind are free trade agreements, food additives, ethical investing, DNA sequencing etc.

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There are subject matters that mightn’t be so obvious that would definitely benefit from a philosophical approach. Zika virus is one that strikes me needs careful consideration. We have the technology now to eradicate the most dangerous animal in the world – the mosquito. No brainer really. Think of how much suffering we could avoid by having no more malaria, dengue and zika. Pause for a moment and consider from a philosophical perspective though. According to Marian Blasberg, Hauke Goos and Veronika Hackenbroch writing in the Der Speigel one of the main reasons that we have the Brazilian rainforest still largely protected from development is the scourge of the mosquito. Without those green lungs in reasonable order the world would be a much worse place with arguably just as much misery as the mosquito ever caused. This is an issue for us right now as scientists are hitting the field with genetically modified mosquitos in the back of their Land Rovers. Who are we to deliberately decide the extinction of an entire genera?

At work we have recently introduced a journals club to put into a proposed Research, Reading and Reflection Room (3Rs for short). The usual suspects are there e.g. Forbes Magazine and Harvard Business Review. One that might raise a few eyebrows, but is I think an essential read for modern managers, is New Philosopher. In case the auditors think I’m getting profligate I will leave it to master philosopher Confucius to justify the subscription. ‘Learning without thought is labour lost. Thought without learning is perilous.’

 

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